{"id":102,"date":"2023-12-19T12:17:37","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T12:17:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/?page_id=102"},"modified":"2023-12-19T12:19:41","modified_gmt":"2023-12-19T12:19:41","slug":"turner-syndrome","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/?page_id=102","title":{"rendered":"Turner Syndrome"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Turner syndrome is due to the deficiency of all or part of one X chromosome in females (45,X).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Epidemiology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Incidence: 1\/2500 live female births<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sporadic<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Clinical presentation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Turner syndrome has a very variable phenotype and presents with diverse clinical features in different age groups:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pre-natal<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Miscarriage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Increased nuchal translucency<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hydrops fetalis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Newborn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oedema of hands and feet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Congenital heart defect<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Childhood<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Short stature<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Teenage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Primary amenorrhoea<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adulthood<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Infertility<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Physical Signs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Webbed neck<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Low hairline<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wide-spaced nipples<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oedema of hands and feet, especially in infancy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Short 4th and 5th metacarpals<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Evidence of congenital heart disease: heart murmur, delayed femoral pulses, hypertension<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Short stature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Complications<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recurrent otitis media (60%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Congenital heart defect (15-50%): coarctation of the aorta, VSD.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Renal anomalies (30%): horseshoe kidney, agenesis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Autoimmune disease: hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Primary amenorrhoea, gonadal dysgenesis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Infertility<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Osteoporosis (secondary to decreased oestrogen)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Intelligence is usually within normal range<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Life expectancy is reduced due to obesity, ischaemic heart disease and aortic dissection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Turner syndrome is due to the deficiency of all or part of one X chromosome in females (45,X). Epidemiology Clinical presentation Turner syndrome has a very variable phenotype and presents with diverse clinical features in different age groups: Physical Signs Complications<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-102","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=102"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":104,"href":"http:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/102\/revisions\/104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}