{"id":86,"date":"2023-12-19T12:13:31","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T12:13:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/?page_id=86"},"modified":"2023-12-19T12:13:31","modified_gmt":"2023-12-19T12:13:31","slug":"familial-breast-cancer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/?page_id=86","title":{"rendered":"Familial Breast Cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Epidemiology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer affecting women with a lifetime risk of 9-11% predominantly occurring post-menopause.&nbsp; NICE guidelines have been introduced that identify risk of breast cancer according to family history.&nbsp; See Box 1 for risk factors and Box 2 for factors suggestive of inherited disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Genetics<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mutations in the breast cancer 1 (BRCA1, chromosome 17q) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2, chromosome 13q) genes cause 2-3% of breast cancer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Approximately 10% of women with onset of breast cancer under the age of 40 years have a BRCA1 or 2 gene mutation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inheritance is autosomal dominant.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cancer risks with BRCA1:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Up to 70 years of age, breast cancer 65%, ovarian cancer 39%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cancer risks with BRCA2:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Up to 70 years of age, breast cancer 45%, ovarian cancer 11%.&nbsp; BRCA2 gene carriers are also particularly at risk of pancreatic, prostate and male breast cancers and malignant melanoma<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Screening<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Monthly self-breast examination<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>According to NICE guidelines, women at increased risk of breast cancer should be offered annual mammography from 40-49 years of age and thereafter once every 3 years.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breast MRI screening is also available for those women at very high risk of breast cancer at a young age or known gene mutation carriers, starting at age 30 for BRCA1\/2 and age 20 for Li-Fraumeni&nbsp; (TP53) mutations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Screening for ovarian cancer in women at increased risk is currently being assessed in a research study, UKFOCCS, which includes pelvic trans-vaginal USS and CA-125 measurements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Risk factors for breast cancer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Early menarche &amp; late menopause<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nulliparity and lack of breastfeeding<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oral Contraceptive Pill &amp; Hormone Replacement Therapy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obesity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alcohol<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Family history of breast\/ ovarian cancer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Family history of other cancer syndromes eg Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Cowden syndrome, Het-erozygous carriers for ataxia telangiectasia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Factors suggesting inherited breast cancer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Autosomal dominant inheritance pattern<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Young age of onset<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Multiple primary tumours in an individual<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breast, ovarian and prostate cancer occurring on same side of family<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breast cancer in a male relative<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oestrogen receptor (ER) negative breast tumour<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ethnic origin: Ashkenazi Jewish, Icelandic<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Epidemiology Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer affecting women with a lifetime risk of 9-11% predominantly occurring post-menopause.&nbsp; NICE guidelines have been introduced that identify risk of breast cancer according to family history.&nbsp; See Box 1 for risk factors and Box 2 for factors suggestive of inherited disease. Genetics Screening Risk factors [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-86","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/86","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=86"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/86\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":87,"href":"https:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/86\/revisions\/87"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igclinic.ie\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=86"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}